Ellis and Angel Island were both immigration stations in the early 1900s.  An Immigration station is a place where people go to enter a country to live there.  Ellis Island is in New York and mostly people from European countries immigrated there.  Angel Island is in San Francisco, CA and most immigrants there were from China and Japan.  The two stations had some things in common but were different as well.

Angel Island served it’s years as an immigration station from 1910-1940.  Because of the Chinese exclusion Act in 1882 it was hard for Chinese people to get in the US. It  was legal only for the Chinese to get in the US through Angel Island.  About 175,000 people that were Chinese were processed  there.   The island was officially an immigration station, but was really more like a detention center.  Most people were held there for 2 weeks, some as long as 6 months up to 2 years, while they were interrogated and checked if they were sick.  Around 1940, the United States of America became allies with China in World War II.  The U.S. changed its immigration policy with the Chinese marking the end of the use of Angel Island.

Ellis Island was the nations busiest immigration station from 1892 ’til 1954.  The island was so busy that about 40% of Americans have relatives that went through Ellis Island.  In 1897 the station caught on fire but it was rebuilt.  When people had a disease they were quarantined and sent back to their country.  At Ellis Island people had to say their name in English and not be ill in order to enter the country.

Angel and Ellis Island both have a lot of similarities like they are both immigration stations.  Both stations made sure that diseases were not spread around America.  They are both remembered today as historical sites and museums where people reflect back to their family history.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

California of parks and recreation, Immigration Station http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1309

History.com staff, Ellis Islandhttp://www.history.com/topics/ellis-island

Foundation inc, the statue of Ellis Island http://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/genealogy/ellis_island.asp

Angel Island foundation, Angel Island http://aiisf.org/

Skyscrapers

By: Phillip Calandra

        The very first skyscrapers invented don’t seem like skyscrapers to us today but back then they were huge.  The first skyscraper in the United States was designed by Major Williom Le Baron Jenney in 1884 in Chicago Illinois.  The Home Insurance Building was 10 stories tall and was the U.S’s tallest building for six years.  This building was unique because it was the first load carrying structural frame made of steel.  The nickname of this style of building was called “Chicago Skeleton Style”.

         Skyscrapers were not able to be built so tall before the Home Insurance Building for a few reasons.  Bricks were too heavy so the building would fall underneath its weight.  Wood could catch on fire, and it wouldn’t be very sturdy.  Also, elevators were a new invention that made it easier to go up or down floors. No one would ever want to walk up 10 stories of stairs!

Parts of my family came from a lot of different parts of the world like England, Slovakia, Italy, and Ireland around 1890.

Andrew Kurdilla and Susan Liska were both born in Remetske Hamre, Austria Hungary witch is now Slovakia. They immigrated to the U.S. in the mid 1890s arriving at Ellis Island New York.  They met and married each other and had 10 children, one was my maternal great grandmother.  Carolyn met Albert Young and Married in Ohio and had a double wedding with her sister to save money because of the Great Depression.  They had 5 children, the oldest Albert Jr aka Buddy is my maternal grandfather.  Albert met Carol Burke in Detroit M.I. They were married 1956 and had 6 children and the last one is the best, my mom, Valerie Young. Then Valerie met Michael Calandra Jr and got married in 1996 in San Diego. They had 2 children and the best, most awesome one is me.

James Burke and Anne Hyland’s parents both immigrated from southern Ireland to Ellis Island, New York in the late 1890s.  They married and settled in Detroit Michigan and had two children, Carol and James Burke.

Antonio La Barba and Josephine Lotroto were born in Sicily, Italy in the late 1870’s. They met and married in Italy and came to Elis Island New York in 1895.  They settled in Brooklyn,  New York and had one child, Mary La Barba on March 13, 1914. She met and married Joseph Jannone in 1934, They  had one child, Joanne Jannone on May 7, 1939.  Joanne is my paternal Grandmother.

Marco Calandra and Dominica Di Bono were both born in Sicily and married after they moved to the United States through Elis Island.  They had one child Philip Michael Calandra who met Joan Cogan in the late 1920’s.  Joan Cogan moved here from London England in her twenties. They married and had 3 children,  Michael Denis Calandra Sr., Denis and Philip.     Michael met Joanne Janonne they married and had one child Michel Calandra Jr aka my dad.  My dad met Valerie Young in 1989 and they were married on March 30, 1996 and had two children,  Phillip and Cady and the best most awesome one is me, Phillip.

Rugby and Football
By:Phillip Calandra
Football and Rugby are both dangerous and violent sports.  Both of the sports  have many differences and similarities. In this essay you will read about the art of how the sports are different and similar many ways.
Here are some differences about rugby and football. In rugby each team has 13 players and football only has 11. The size of the rugby field is bigger than the football field.In rugby the ball is bigger than the football ball.  The play never stops in rugby and the whistle is never blown for a tackle like in football.   The football players  wear pads and protection devices where as the Rugby players don’t.

Finally we have the similarities between rugby and football.  They both use a ball and both have field goals. Both sports are physical in some ways. Rugby and football  both allow tackles and downs. Finally both sports have a touchdown zone.

In conclusion, we now know some of the differences and similarities of Rugby and Football. For example the number of team members are different but both games allow tackles. So that concludes the similarities and differences about Rugby and Football.

Water Pollution

                 Every year over one million sea birds are dying because of ocean pollution.  Four hundred thousand sea mammals are killed from ocean pollution.  This is an international problem because the animals absorb the toxic chemicals from oil spills and land runoff.  The government needs to find a way how to stop these animals from vanishing.

                Oil spills are causing millions of deaths of sea mammals by trapping them and suffocating them.  Land run off creates kill zones in the water because it has toxins in it that spread in the ocean.  Sewage from the city and mining camps contains all of the trash and things that suffocate animals and make them fade away plastic soda rings or baggies.  Ocean mining brings up the toxic levels in the water and damages the ocean floor.  Toxic chemicals can come from oil spills or from toxic waste from industry.  Litter is a huge problem because animals get stuck in plastic or eat it and slowly die.

              In order to stop Ocean pollution, companies need to be more responsible with their business.  Here is an example, Use less water so animals have more water and therefore oxygen to breathe.  Companies should improve their toxic waste dumping so there is less ocean pollution.  People should be more responsible with the way they handle oil.  Oil leaks should be stopped sooner as well as oil tankers should be more careful how they move around.  In order to help stop illegal oil dumpers there should be more surveillance and harder penalties.

            There are many man made types of ocean pollution such as Oil spills, land run off, ocean mining, sewage, toxic chemicals and litter.  There are lots of consequences to these types of ocean pollution.  Humans must acknowledge their pollution and work hard to clean it up as well as try to prevent it in the first place.

Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, England.  His father died before he was born.  Newton was a sickly baby and was left to be raised by his grandmother.  He did not make friends easily.  His mom came back for him when he was 12  to try to make him a farmer, he failed miserably and wanted to go back to school to study chemistry.

Newton went to Cambridge University and observed nature around him and studied mathematics.  He learned chemistry from a local pharmacist in a work study type of program.  He studied at Cambridge until the great Plague of 1665 caused the university to shut down.  He continued to study on his own after that.

While he was a professor at Cambridge, Newton began to publish his theories to the public.  His biggest publication was the “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica” which discussed the laws of motion and gravity.  He is responsible for many great inventions:  Calculus, reflecting telescope, wind mill that grounded corn, a clock powered by water are just a few.

Newton was also known for his work with optics.   His invention of the reflecting telescope helped prove his theory about light and color. In 1672 he published ” A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light”.

In 1669, Newton was tired of studying and became the warden of the Royal Mint in London.  He tried to get rid of counterfitters and to change the money of London.  He was made a knight in 1705 by Queen Anne.  Newton was a member of Parliament for the rest of his life.  As he got older he became more worried and nervous and he died on March 31st, 1727.

www.biography.com/people/isaacnewton date

www. ducksters.com/biography/scientists/isaacnewton.php date

Philo T Farnsworth

by: Phillip Calandra

Farnsworth was born On August 19, 1906 in Beaver Utah. His parents names were Louis Edwin Farnsworth and Serena Amanda Bastian. Philo had five siblings. His first high school was called Brigham Young University. In school he was mostly interested in electronics. He was 14 when he made his first electronic television.

Philo joined the Naval Academy ,but he quit because he didn’t want them to take his creation. Then he moved to California with financial help from Leslie Gorrel and George Everson. At that time he created the image dissecting tube for the tv.

He was very smart because he learned how to fix things very quickly. He was also very brave because he moved around a lot and still made everything that he created. His biggest obstacle was staying financially secure to fund all of his research. He is most known for creating the picture dissecting tube and the first electric television.

One thing that I learned is that if you have an idea to go forward with it.

Schatzin, Paul. “Who Invented What And When”.The Farnsworth Chronicles,  2001. Web. 30 November 2014.

“Philo Farnsworth“. Wikipedia/ 3 November 2014.Web.30 November 2014

Pericles was born in Athens in 495 BC. He lived there his whole life until he died of the Pledge in 429 BC of the plague.   He was a famous politician that people liked .  He was a military commander and led in the Peloponnesian war.  He made Athens known for art and culture.  He is most famous for thinking of the idea to create the Acropolis and helping the Athenian democracy grow stronger and bigger.

I———————-I———————I———————I———————–I———————-I-

495bc                 470bc                 461                         454bc                   447bc            429bc

Born         start of politics          began rule         lead 1st military        expelled barbarians                                                                                                                                                died

Plato was born in 427 BC in Athens, Greece.  He was a great philosopher and a very good mathematician.  He was a student of another great philosopher named Socrates.  Plato also wrote lots of books about ethics, morality,and politics.  His most famous book was called , Republic.  Plato also founded the very first college in the western world.

—428 bc—-born

—407 bc—meets Socrates

—398 bc- 380 bc—goes to Egypt, Cyrene, Italy, Syracuse, and Sicily

—380 bc—he founds Academy outside of Athens

—367 bc—he takes Aristotle as his student

—347 bc—Plato dies at academy



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPZf3F3bNAA