“The only man who never makes a mistake is the man who never does anything.” – Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt, born in New York, New York, was a governor, environmentalist, activist, military leader, and PRESIDENT of the United States. He started as a vice president during William McKinley’s term, but after his assassination in 1901, Teddy stepped in at age 42 years old. He was the youngest man every to be president, and he won a second term in 1904. If that isn’t enough, Roosevelt also won the Noble Peace Prize for his part in ending the Russo- Japanese war.

Teddy Roosevelt was born October 27, 1857 in New York, New  York. He was the son of Sr. Theodore Roosevelt, who was a Dutch man, and Martha Bulloch. They owned a successful plate glass import business. Teddy was homeschooled because of illnesses, and his asthma. This gave him an opportunity for his animal passion. By his teens, his father encouraged him to develop a physical routine which included weights and boxing.

Theodore’s father died during his second year at Harvord. Teddy used his grief to push him to work harder. After graduating Magna Cum Laude  in 1880, he enrolled at Columbia Law School, and married Alice Hathaway Lee.

Even though Roosevelt had joined law school, he didn’t stay long. He wanted to join the New York State assembly. However, both his mother and wife died on February 14, 1884, and that drove him out west. Teddy became a cowboy and cattle rancher. Two years later, he returned and went back into politics. He even tried running for New York mayor.

Around the same time, he married his second wife Edith Kermit Carow, who he had known since his childhood. Theodore became a civil service and police commissioner, and assistant US navy secretary under President William McKinley. Teddy also took interest in the Spanish American war. He decided to leave the government and volunteer in the Calvary. Roosevelt lead in the Battle of San Juan in 1898. As a war hero, he was elected governor of New York in 1898.

When President Mckinley was up for re-election, he chose Theodore Roosevelt to be the vice president. After William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Teddy became the youngest president at age 42.

He presidency was distinguished by his dedication to different programs. The benchmark of his first term was the “Square Deal,” a program with an aim to help all classes of people. Teddy believed that America needed to take its rightful place and invented a massive public relations effort. He made the US Navy better and built up the “Great White Fleet.” He sent them on a world tour as testament to US military power.

Roosevelt helped the Panama Canal by providing funds and a naval blockade to stop Columbian troops. Teddy was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating and end to the Russo-Japanese war. He built an international platform from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which claims right to stop cases of wrongdoing with different nations.

Teddy Roosevelt defended Minnie Cox, who had experienced racial discrimination while in the South. He also strongly supported women’s right to vote in 1912. Booker T. Washington was Teddy’s guest in the White House. However, Booker was African-American, and the was a political backlash from citizens. Since that day, Booker Washington was never invited back.

Roosevelt also loved nature. In 1906 he signed the National Monuments act, which protected the Grand Canyon, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests, and federal reserves.

The White house got its name when Teddy engraved it on his stationary. During Roosevelt’s term, the White House mainly served as a “playground” to his 6 kids. Each room of the home had an activity. They were all different, and ranged from crawl space to library.

In 1909, Roosevelt embarked on an Africa safari. He left the vice president, William Howard, in charge. William was his friend and Teddy felt the US was in good hands. However, Teddy was wrong, and William put up weak effort. When Roosevelt heard of this he decided to run for second term. He formed the Progressive Party, which was also known as the “Bull Moose Party,” and began campaigning in 1912. During one of his speeches on the campaign trail, Teddy was shot by John Nepomuk Schrank. He continued his speech for 90 minutes before seeing a doctor. That bullet did not kill though. In fact, he still went up for election, but lost to Woodrow Wilson in 1912.

When Teddy was a boy, it was discover he had a weak heart. His doctors told him not to get a desk job, not a super active one. But Teddy lived a more active life than most people. Sadly, he died in his sleep and January 6, 1919 at his Long Island estate in Sagamore Hill, after suffering a coronary embolism. He was 60 years old, and buried at Youngs Memorial Cemetery.

In conclusion, Theodore Roosevelt was an amazing president, and did great things for this country. He went beyond the limits of what the doctors had given him, and never gave up. Teddy Roosevelt is a man that will be remembered for a very, very long time.

Bibliography

Unknown: Theodore Roosevelt Biography http://www.biography.com/people/theodore-roosevelt-9463424 4/28/15

Pearson Learning Core Knowledge History and Geography By Pearson Education Inc. Edited by E.D Hirsch, Jr. Copyright © 2002 299 Jefferson Road, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054

“To invent you need a good imagination and a pile of junk” -Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison was an inventor born in Milan, Ohio on Febuary 11, 1847. He set up a lab in Menlo Park. Some products he developed there are still around today. Edison made the telegraph, phonograph, electric light bulb, alkaline storage batteries and a camera for motion pictures. He died on October 18, 1931, in West Orange, New Jersey.

Thomas Edison was the youngest of 7 kids. His father, Samuel Edison, was a political activist from Canada. His mother, Nancy Edison, was a school teacher, and a major influence in Thomas’s life. He had scarlet fever and ear infections, which gave him hearing problems in both ears. It left him nearly deaf as a adult.

In 1854, his family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. There, Edison attended a public school for 12 weeks. Thomas had trouble focusing, and his mother pulled him out and taught him at home. When he turned 11, he started wanting to learn more more, and he developed a process of self-education. This helped him throughout his life.

Thomas loved to sell things to everyone as a young man. He sold vegetables, candy, and newspapers on trains. One day, he saved a child from a runaway train. The child’s father was very grateful, and repaid Edison by training him as a telegraph operator. As a telegraph operator, Thomas became interested in communications, which would later be the focus of many of his inventions.

In 1869, Edison moved to New York City, and developed his first invention, the Universal Stock Printer, which put several stock tickers’ transactions in synch. The Gold and Stock Telegraph Company was so impressed, they paid him $40,000 for the rights when Edison was only 22 years old. With this success, he quit his work as a telegrapher to devote himself full-time to inventing.

Thomas Edison had great financial success from some of his inventions, and in 1871, he married Mary Stilwell, who was an employee at one of his businesses. They were married for 13 years, and had 3 kids, Marion, Thomas and William. Mary died after suffering from a strange brain tumor at 29 years old.

Thomas used to come to Menlo Park, where he set up a lab and invented different things in 1876. In that same year, Western Union encouraged him to make a device to compete with the telephone. He chose not to. However, in December of 1877, Edison invented a method for recording sound. He called it the phonograph. The invention brought him worldwide fame. Edison soared as an inventor from age 25 to 40, and got over 400 patents from 1879 to 1886.

The 1880s were a busy time for Thomas Edison. After getting a patent for his famous invention, the light bulb, Edison set out to develop a company that would deliver the electricity to power and light the cities of the world.  That same year, Edison founded the Edison Illuminating Company, which later became the General Electric Corporation. In 1881, he left Menlo Park to build facilities in cities where electrical systems were being installed.

After Thomas Edison turned 40, things went down hill for his career. He tried inventing a device to speak to the dead after World War I. He thought people wanted to hear the voices of people they lost fighting in the war. Edison used a source of invisible energy that linked survivors to people who had died. To this day, no one ever answered his calls.

He also failed to make a talking doll in 1889. He tried hooking up a hand driven phonograph to the doll that played music out of its chest.  The wax record made the doll screech, which scared people, and Thomas Edison gave up on that idea in 1891.

One of Edison’s last failed inventions was the concrete house. He was a major supplier of concrete. He supplied it to build the Yankee Stadium, and the Panama Canal. He also created concrete chairs and couches for these homes. They were very, very expensive, and cost almost 100,000 dollars just to build.

Thomas Edison died from diabetes on October 18, 1931, in his home in West Orange, New Jersey. He was 84 years old. Many communities and corporations all over the world dimmed their lights, or briefly turned off their electrical power to respect his passing. By the time he died, Thomas Edison was one of the most well-known and respected Americans in the world. He had been at the front of America’s first technology revolution, and created inventions that we still use today in the 21st century.

Biography

Thomas Edison The Biography.com website. May 11, 2015, from  http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-edison-9284349

Thomas Edison Biography Unknown used 5/11/15 http://www.ducksters.com/biography/thomas_edison.php

Ocean pollution is a huge problem. Trash, such as plastic and aluminum pollutes our oceans and waterways to the point where it’s effecting our economies.

Eighty percent of pollution comes from land. When large tracts of land are plowed, the exposed soil can erode during rainstorms. It flows to the sea, carrying pesticides with it. Sixty percent of all human waste ends up in the ocean. Eighty percent of sewage flows into the ocean in as little as 8 to 9  months. If that’s not bad enough, 12% of the worlds oil goes into the ocean each year.

More than 100,000 marine animals die from pollution each year. That means about 274 ocean animals die each day! This is also caused because almost every marine animal has taken in some sort of chemical from everyday consumer products.

Everyone’s pitching in to help this problem. Why don’t you? Even though this issue gets bigger and bigger, there are still ways to help! There are celebrities you may know that are helping too! People such as Morgan Freeman, Bill Clinton, and Harrison Ford all help donate money to stop ocean pollution. They’re not the only ones that can help. You can donate money too! If you don’t have enough to afford donating money, there are other things you can do as well. Use less plastic packaging! Over half of it goes into the oceans each year. When you’re done with your packaging that you’re not going to use, RECYCLE IT!!! At stores, bring your own reusable shopping bag. That way, you’re not using the plastic ones. A really important one that people don’t always do is cleaning up your beach! If you live on the coast one of the best things you can do is clean trash off your beach. That way it doesn’t go into the ocean!

Imagine that you are an innocent ocean animal, a turtle, for example. A Leatherback turtle eats 440 pounds of jellyfish a day. A plastic grocery bag can be easily mistaken for jellyfish. If you were a turtle, you wouldn’t see the difference, and could eat the plastic. The plastic expands in their stomach, and clogs their digestive system. The food trapped above the plastic stays, and eventually clogs up their breathing. One in three Leatherback turtles die from plastic each year.

“I’ve seen a lot of destructive fishing, marine mammals and sea turtles hunted, and I’ve seen a lot of pollution, but this is of all of that combined into one mega disaster.” says IReporter Wallace J. Nichols. In conclusion, ocean pollution is an enormous problem, and everyone needs to pitch in to stop it. Innocent marine life dies every day from things we do. Simple changes like using reusable bags, and recycling more often will help stopping this problem that much easier.

Bibliography

Garces Diego M. Garces WWF editor. Marine problems: Pollution  http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollution/ Date used 4/14/15

Beans, Laura. Silent Killers: The Danger of plastic bags to Marine Life  http://ecowatch.com/2013/08/06/the-danger-of-plastic-bags-to-marine-life/  Date used 4/14/15

Unknown. What is the biggest source of pollution in the ocean? http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pollution.html Revised: February 19, 2014

Quote from: http://ireport.cnn.com/blogs/ireport-blog/2010/07/12/gulf-ournals-marine-biologists-worst-day

Many countries moved to North America for new job opportunities, and to start a brand new life. Ships and steamboats came in one after another. It was very rare, however, to see people from France on those ships. The French, unlike many other countries, did not immigrate as much.      

Certain parts of Latin America, Africa and, Asia were parts of the France’s colonial domination.  Little amount of the French population lived in America because of decolonization (which is to undo a colony).  Since civilization, many returned to France but some stayed in America.  A very small amount of French stayed in Canada.

Another reason France didn’t immigrate as much was because lots of people immigrated to France. Around 1830-1850, there had been  a steady flow of  France immigration. Most immigration was cause of economic needs. Most of this came from economic growths after wars. Between 1850-1940 about 14,000,000 people came to France.

Even though many French people stayed in France, some did immigrate. During the French Revolution, Germany took over for a while, and that cause people to leave. The French arrived in steamships, and so did other countries by 1870. France immigrated to America because they wanted wealth and a way to get to the Pacific Ocean. Soon enough, settlements and forts were built to export fur, sugar, and fish.  France struggled to make a strong colony base in North America. They had very little success. Settlements and forts would last a while, but then they would fail. This was due to conflicts with the British and the Spanish, disease, and weather.

As you can see, France was not a country to immigrate. In fact, more people came to France then France came to America. Unlike other european countries, France had a sturdy colony base, and that meant there was not a big rush to move. France was different, but sometimes, different can be a good thing.

Every Boov is supposed to be the same, but little Oh is different. He wants to have friends, but nobody likes him. In this paper, I will be reviewing the movie “Home” directed by Tim Johnson. Oh(Jim Parsons) and Tip(Rihanna) give the movie a great sense of humor and always keep you excited.

If you have not seen this movie, you definitely should. There is so much to like. I liked the characters, and the voices fit them perfectly. The storyline is amazing, and throughout the movie I laughed and smiled. Entertainment Weekly’s Dana Rose Falcone said, “The combination of Home’s layered message, fun score, and clever comedy make it a colorful choice for moviegoers of any age.” Another Review from Hitfix’s Drew McWeeny said, “Tim Johnson gets the character stuff right , and the animators do an amazing amount of subtextual work with color and with texture ripples on the various Boov characters. It’s lovely work overall, and it might be the most cheerfully benign conquering force we’ve ever faced on film.”

In my opinion, “Home” doesn’t have much to dislike. Tip holds a grudge against the Boov because they took her mother to a place she doesn’t know of. When the Boov species comes down to earth, Tip is the only one that manages to hide. An unlikely meeting of Tip and the fugitive Boov, Oh, cause both of them to be untrustworthy to each other. That is the part I didn’t like. Oh wanted to help Tip find her mother, but every time he did something wrong, Tip became infuriated, which to me, made no sense. It wasn’t until toward the end where they suddenly started to trust each other. 

In conclusion, Home is a great movie in my opinion. It full of fun colors and awesome characters, and overall just an exciting film. Even though it is more on a child based level, I think it is a fun movie to see for all ages. Based on the mother daughter relationship in Home, it would also be a great movie to see with family. I give Home a 4 ½ star rating.

During the immigration time period, millions of boats and steamships came from all over the world. America became a melting pot, full of new cultures and religions. But where did the ships arrive? There were two ports, Ellis and Angel island, that I will be comparing and contrasting in this essay.

To start, I will go over the similarities. Ellis Island and Angel Island were both ports that immigrants came to, and they both took in thousands of people a day. Both ports were the first stop in America, and had a very long process of medical exams. Both places sent back people to the countries they came from. Ellis Island quickly became known as the “Island of Tears” because so many people got rejected. Angel Island later became known as “Ellis Island of the West.”

One of the main differences between Ellis Island and Angel Island is where they are located. Angel Island is in San Francisco, California, and Ellis Island is in the upper New York Bay. Ellis Island opened in 1892, east of the Statue of Liberty. Angel Island opened 18 years later in 1910. Ellis Island took in people from all over, but Angel Island mostly admitted east Asian immigrants. Chinese immigrants were the largest number of immigrants there until 1915. At Angel Island, men were separated from women and children, and detainment was longer than Ellis Island. More people were accepted at Ellis Island than Angel Island as well. At Angel Island, there were harsher conditions, and Chinese people were rejected more than other Asian immigrants.

In conclusion, Ellis Island and Angel Island are different and similar. What you may not know is that your ancestors traveled through one of the ports, too, along with thousands of other people. I hope you enjoyed my compare and contrast essay.

Bibliography

Ellis Island and Angel Island- by Katie Gustafson December 10, 2012

https://prezi.com/49sgemshu2ih/ellis-island-and-angel-island/

U.S. Immigration- Angel Island and Ellis Island  Unknown

http://propresobama.org/2010/09/21/u-s-immigration-castle-island-angel-island-and-ellis-island/   used 5/13/15

My family tree goes way back to the 18th and 19th centuries. In this essay, I am going to talk about how both the Bogle’s and Brytowski’s became Americans.

On the Bogle side, more than 9 generations ago, Malcolm Bogle immigrated to America. He was born in County Down, Ireland, but the day and year he was born is unknown. It is understood that he came with two brothers from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1750. Their names were William and Joseph Bogle. One of the main reasons Malcolm immigrated was because of the Potato Blight. It destroyed the Irish diet and caused starvation.

On the Brytowski side, it was only 4 generations ago when Gan Brytowski immigrated from Poland. He was born in 1862, though the date and year is unknown. At the time, Poland was Russian occupied, and known as Borkowo, Russia. In present day, it is now the heart of Poland. Gan deported from Hamburg, Germany on April 29, 1900. He ended up docking at Ellis Island, and then moved to Staten Island, New York. At this time, Gan was married to Josefa Lowin, who immigrated from Poland one year later. Once they became americanized, Gan’s name was changed to John, and Josefa became Josephine. After a couple years, they moved to Vermont, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Omaha before officially settling in Minnesota.

In conclusion, my ancestors came to different places at different times, but thats not whats important. Over a course of generations, I was born, and I’m the one who will continue the family tree.

I have finished a new book called The Witch of Blackbird Pond.  It was written by Elizabeth George Speare, who is a great writer in my opinion. This book is set back in the 17 century, and Elizabeth does an amazing job on how life was back then.

Kit is the main character, a 16 year old girl who lives with her grandpa in Barbados, England. Her mother and father passed away when she was little. When her grandpa passed away, the only family she knew of was her aunt and uncle in the colony of Connecticut. Alone and desperate, she set sail to America.

When Kit arrives, she was shocked by the bland landscape, and how un-fancy everything was. She wasn’t used to working for a living, because back and Barbados, her grandpa was rich, and maids did everything for her. Fitting is wasn’t easy, until Kit met Hannah Tupper, who was pretty old. She lived alone, and she was the only person who lets Kit be herself. But, the colonists believe she is a witch. If the know Kit is friends with Hannah, they will think the same for her. So, Kit has to face the tough decision of abandoning her only friend, or risk losing everything to stay with her.

I give this a 8 out of 10 because even though the book was awesome, sometimes the plot was hard to follow, and Speare used lots of tis, twas, and thee. Then again, it went along with the book, because of the time era it was set in. The characters are great though, and the story is over all a big thumbs up in my opinion. Get the book The Witch of Blackbird Pond!!!! 🙂

“The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people” – Karl Marx

Karl Marx was a German economist, historian, philosopher, and journalist. He wrote his famous book, The Communist Manifesto and another called Das Kapital.

Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 in Trier, Germany, or, at the time, the kingdom of Prussia. He was one of nine children, and his father was a lawyer. He had grandfathers on both sides who came from a long line a famous rabbis, but Karl’s father switched religions and became Christian in 1816, before Karl was born. He was baptized when he turned 6, along with other children in the community. Marx was homeschooled until he was 12, and then spent 5 years at a Jesuit high school in Trier. It was known as the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gym in the 1800’s. The principal was friend of Karl’s father, so it seemed like a good school. Even though the high school was under surveillance 24-7, the school got attacked in 1832 .

In October 1835, Karl Marx studied at the University of Bonn, and was an enthusiastic student. Two semesters he was stuck in a deep point in his life, with drunkenness, going into debt, and participating in duels.  Marx’s father insisted he enroll to the University of Berlin. He studied law and philosophy there, where he met G.W.F Hegel, who was a professor at Berlin. Hegel died in 1831. After his death, Marx became involved with the Young Hegelians, a group of students, including people named Bruno Bauer and Ludwig Feuerbach, who criticized political and religious thoughts.

He met and got engaged to Jenny Von Westphalen, who was 4 years older then Marx. His father got mad, and expressed his concern in letters, because Karl wasn’t taking his engagement seriously. In 1841, he received a doctorate from the University of Jena. Since he was getting into politics, it prevented him from teaching. He started working as a journalist, and became an editor of Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal newspaper. The government ordered the newspaper to stop and April 1st, 1843. He married Jenny in June that year, and moved to Paris with her in October.

Paris was the “headquarters” of politics of Europe in 1843. There Marx found a political journal called Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher. The journal helped Marx meet with a contributor, Friedrich Engels, who would later become his collaborator, and lifelong friend. Together, the two began writing a criticism of Bruno Bauer’s writing, a Young Hegelian member, and former friend of Marx’s. The writing of Marx and Engels’s first work was published in 1845 as The Holy Family.

Later that year, Marx moved to Belgium after being kicked out from France while writing for another newspaper, Vorwärts!, which had strong connections to an organization that would later become the “Communist League”.

In Brussels, Marx was introduced to socialism by Moses Hess, and broke off from philosophy and the Young Hegelians completely. While Karl was there, he wrote The German Ideology, where he developed his theory on historical materialism. Marx couldn’t find someone to publish it, so The German Ideology, along with a couple other writings, were not published until after his death.

At the beginning of 1846, Marx created a Communist Correspondence Committee, trying to bring in socialists from around Europe. Inspired by Karl’s his ideas, socialists in England had a conference, and formed the “Communist League”. In 1847 at a Central Committee meeting in London, they asked Karl Marx and Friedrich  Engels to write Manifest the Kommunistischen Partei, which meant Manifesto of the Communist Party.

After writing and writing, The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848, but shortly after, Marx was expelled from Belgium in 1849. He went to France, hoping for a socialist revolution, but was kicked out from there as well. Prussia refused to let Marx be a citizen there again, so Marx moved to London. Although Britain denied him as well, he stayed in London until his death.

In London, Karl Marx helped find the German Workers Educational Society, and a new headquarters for the “Communist League”. He continued his work as a journalist, and worked for  10 years as a writer for the New York Daily Tribune. He never earned a good payment but was financially supported by his good friend, Friedrich  Engels.

Marx became really focused on capitalism and economic theories. In 1867, he published the first volume of his book, Das Kapital. The rest of his life he spent writing and editing additional volumes for Das Kapital, which he never completed. The unfinished two volumes were completed and published by Engels.

Marx died of a disease called pleurisy in London on March 14, 1883. The Communist Party of Great Britain created a large tombstone of Marx in 1954. The stone was engraved with the last line of The Communist Manifesto-

“Workers of all lands unite”

Q&A

1. Who Wrote the The Communist Manifesto?- It was by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
2. What ideas were expressed by it’s authors?- It talked about a workers revolution to overthrow capitalism.
3. List some of Marx most important economic ideas?- He wrote Das Kapital which predicted that the capitalist world would go through two phases.  First, the proletariat would successfully revolt against the bourgeoisie. The second phase was what Marx called communism. This was where everyone was equal and lived a happy life.

Bibliography

http://www.biography.com/people/karl-marx-9401219 © 2015 Bio and the Bio logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC.

http://www.history.com/topics/karl-marx © 2015, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.