Martin Luther King Jr. and John Fitzgerald Kennedy were both extremely charismatic and passionate speakers. During the Civil Rights Era, King and JFK wrote two of their best pieces, the “I Have a Dream” speech, and the Civil Rights Address, respectively. Their pieces flow well and are able to convey emotions by using rhythm and metaphors. It’s no coincidence that both these American heroes who are famous for their speeches use the same writing techniques.
Rhythm is an important part of a piece. It helps sentences flow. King’s “I Have a Dream” speech and JFK’s “Civil Rights Address” both use a combination of short and longer sentences to create rhythm. King said, “We cannot walk alone. And as we we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back”. He starts off with a short sentence, then follows with a long sentence, then finishes with a short sentence. JFK also used this in his speeches. A paragraph in his speech reads, “This is not a sectional issue. Difficulties over segregation and discrimination exist in every city, in every State of the Union, producing in many cities a rising tide of discontent that threatens the public safety. Nor is this a partisan issue. In a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics.” If you read these parts of their speeches out loud, you will notice that varying the sentence length creates rhythm.
Metaphors and imagery are also important to a speech. They can help paint a negative or positive picture in the listeners head. For example, if you said, the chairs are as soft as marshmallows, this paints a good picture. If you said the chairs are like sitting on sharpened nails, that would paint a bad picture. In Kennedy’s speech, a line reads, “They are not yet freed from the bonds of injustice”. Since bonds are used to hold a prisoner, this paints the picture that injustice is imprisoning the innocent black people of America. King’s speeches also include lots of imagery. “I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice,” King says. In this line, he likes sweltering heat to injustice, which makes the listeners have a negative outlook on the injustice.
Rhythm and imagery are important parts of a speech. They can make or break an argument. Rhythm helps the piece flow in the air. A choppy piece isn’t going to be remembered or even worst, will be insulted. However a fluent speech will be remembered. Imagery helps support a piece by creating a positive image in a reader’s head. This also will make a speech memorable. By using these techniques, King and JFK gave two of the most memorable speeches of the 20th century. Without their motivation, the U.S. still might be struggling for equality.