In the 50’s and 60’s Space race rockets were dependent on nuclear missile technology. The U.S. and U.S.S.R. were in the Cold War and were threatening to plunge the world into nuclear war. People were worried about the effects of nuclear testing and wanted to ban nuclear testing. The Nuclear Test Ban treaty directly caused the start of the space race.
Throughout the mid-20th century, we have been focused on missile technology. In WWII a lot of German scientists that worked on the V2 rockets came over to the United States. During the Cold War there was a nuclear arms race for the most weapons.
The Nuclear Test Ban treaty was entered into in 1963. The U.S.S.R. and the U.S. decided to stop nuclear testing after radiation was found in food stores. However, the U2 spy plane incident stopped negotiations. In 1962 the Cuban Missile Crisis jump started negotiations. After eight years of difficult negotiations, American President John F. Kennedy and Russian Premier Khrushchev finally agreed to stop nuclear testing (John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum).
After stopping nuclear missiles, the focus shifted to rocket technology. The U.S.S.R. and the U.S. entered into a race to be the first country in outer space. Inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) made rocket technology possible. In 1957, the first satellite, Sputnik, was launched by an modified ICBM. The Americans retaliated with the Explorer 1. It failed epically (History.com).
With Russia sending the first man in space, the U.S.’s ego needed to beat the U.S.S.R. President John F. Kennedy stated the U.S. was falling behind in science and technology so, he challenged the U.S.S.R. to get the first man on the moon (Kidport Referecne Library). The U.S.S.R. was only able to send probes to the moon. However, On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men, also the first Americans, to walk on the moon. American won the space race.
In 1960’s, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was crucial to the space race. Because of the Nuclear Test Ban treaty, missiles were turned into rockets. This affected the U.S. because technology would not be where it is today if it not for the Space Race.
Works Cited
History.com. “The Space Race”. Web.<http://www.history.com/topics/space-race>
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. “Nuclear Test Ban Treaty”. Web. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx>
Kidport Reference Library. “The Moon Landing”. Web. <http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/moonlanding/moonlanding.htm>